Caroline Roddis explores the boozy history of Covent Garden’s drinking culture
Tales of drunkards rampaging through London after marathon drinking sessions may be presented as marks of modern society’s degeneration but have, in fact, been told since Covent Garden began to develop into what we know and love today. Wild, faddish and occasionally surprising, the area’s evolving drinking culture has kept it on the map – and occasionally in the gutter – for over 500 years.
Granted to the Dukes of Bedford following the Reformation, Covent Garden was already well lubricated by the time of the 1552 Alehouse Act (the first licensing law). One of the area’s oldest recorded pubs was the Swan near Charing Cross, established in the 15th century. This pub, incidentally, was favoured by poet Ben Johnson as its barman Ralph always served him good ‘Canary’ – a sweet wine from the Canary Islands.
The abundance of alehouses, which have been a feature of English life since Roman times, was to be expected given that in 1584 there were 26 breweries in London, producing a whopping 648,900 barrels between them. Beer was, in fact, a much safer drink than the untreated water available and had experienced a surge in popularity thanks to the hopping technique introduced from Holland. Not only were half London’s brewers foreign but, as Pepys informs us, there was also a French tavern, Chatelaine’s, in Covent Garden.
One surviving pub from this era is the Lamb & Flag on Rose Street, which has records dating back to 1623 and whose back room gained notoriety as ‘the Bucket of Blood’ during the 17th century due to the bare knuckle boxing matches held there. Indeed, entertainment has always been an important accompaniment to drinking in Covent Garden and sports like boxing, bowling and even shooting have all taken place in pubs across the area. Moreover, it was not unusual for former sportsmen to become publicans in later life: boxer Ben Caunt, after whom Big Ben was supposedly named, ran the Coach & Horses on St Martin’s lane for a few years until 1851, when a fire tragically destroyed both the pub and the lives of his two children.
